This is the whole North hemisphere of our earth. The air that cooled and lost its water vapor cycles back down to the surface of the earth at the Tropic of Cancer, creating high pressure and a dry climate. So here will represent high pressure, and here will be most of the deserts on the earth. The warm air from the equator will sink here. The last part will be the Tropic of Cancer, as shown on our graph. And also because clouds form here, the water vapor condenses, so here it will be really wet. The air cools as it rises, so water vapor condenses and forms clouds.Īs I introduced before, the rising air will always cause low pressure. When air traveling north from the Tropic of Cancer meets a polar front near the Arctic Circle, it rises. And here the water vapor condenses, so the clouds form. Because it is cold air, the warm air from the equator is forced to rise. When it reaches the Arctic Circle, it meets cold air from the North Pole - we call this a polar front. One is bent toward the equator, and the other will go up to the Arctic Circle. As the air rises, it cools, and water vapor condenses, forming clouds.Īt the Tropic of Cancer, the air separates in 2 directions. The rising air creates low pressure at the Equator. Warm air rises from the equator because it is heated strongly by the sun. And it will be wet, because the water vapor condenses here. This will be low pressure because this is rising air. So the clouds will be formed here, above the equator. And as the air rises, the air gets cold, and the water vapor condenses.
This means that most of the energy and the heat from the sun will be at the equator.īecause it’s really warm and hot at the equator, the air will be rising. But when we get to the Arctic Circle, the angle is going to be smaller. And what we can see is that at the equator, the sunlight is direct to the equator.
Sunlight (pencil lines) hits the equator at right angles, but the Arctic and Antarctic Circles at grazing angles. A side view of the earth showing a line at the middle for the equator, lines at 23.5 N and S for the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, and the Arctic and Antarctic Circles at 66.5 degrees North and South, respectively. The line near the North Pole is the Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees N), and the line near the South Pole is the Antarctic circle (66.5 degrees S). They are the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees north of the equator) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south of the equator).
And then we draw two lines, on both sides of the equator. Let’s draw the first line on the earth (0 degrees latitude). Understand why the air at the Tropic of Cancer is dry. Know where the equator, Tropic of Cancer, and Tropic of Capricorn are.
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